Since the 1990s I have led and collaborated on major test development and revision projects around the world, including in the Baltic States, China and Japan. I have also worked with major test stakeholder constituencies in both the USA and the UK, advising on the use of high-stakes language assessments for the medical and nursing professions.

My publications include Examining Speaking and Testing Reading through Summary as well as a large number of edited titles in the Studies in Language Testing series published by Cambridge University Press. I served as a managing editor for the series, and more recently as a full series editor, overseeing many of its 55 volumes into publication. I regularly publish on language assessment issues and have served on the editorial boards of Language Testing, Language Assessment Quarterly and Language Teaching. I was a major contributor to the new Handbook for Aligning Language Education with the Common European Framework of Reference (2022).

I oversaw the IELTS research programme for many years and have a particular interest in the assessment of speaking and writing and the role of qualitative methodologies in test validation and revision; other research interests include ethics, testing accommodations and assessment literacy. I have received grants from a wide range of organisations including the British Council, the Eiken Foundation (Japan), LTTC (Taiwan), the UK General Medical Council, IELTS and Duolingo.

I have developed and taught a number of postgraduate courses in applied linguistics and language assessment including at the University of Cambridge and the University of Bedfordshire. I have regularly delivered workshops and short courses for national examinations boards, testing organisations, universities and teacher associations around the world.

I have supervised master-level and doctoral students in different areas of testing and assessment and have mentored postgraduate and early career researchers in their academic progression

I am regularly invited to speak at national, regional and global conferences and I have recently given keynote presentations at conferences and events in Europe and Asia.